“Offense wins games, but defense wins championships.”
1 2 2 Zone Rotation
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You’ve probably heard this phrase from your basketball coach more times than you care to remember, but it’s not just a coaching cliché; there is some merit to the old adage. Being able to stop your opponent on the hardwood is integral to success in basketball, and taking away their ability to score is crippling to an opposing team.
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“Basically, the whole point of a defense is trying to get the offense to do what you want them to do, instead of letting them impose their will on you,” says DICK’S Sporting Goods Associate and former Division I basketball player Nick Rivers.
You have to be smart on defense, and that intelligence starts with sussing out the numerous schemes at a team’s disposal.
While there are a number of defensive strategies that a team can employ over the course of a game, they all ultimately fall into one of three categories: man-to-man defense, zone defense or a combination defense. Each has its strengths and weaknesses, but when used properly, all can lead to a great defensive performance and hopefully another win on the court.
Class 1 Zone 2
MAN-TO-MAN DEFENSE
This aggressive style of defense can be easily identified by the fact that players are matched up with an opponent based on their position, ability or size. As the name suggests, your main goal as a defender when playing man-to-man is to guard and defend your assigned opponent.
“Until you can run man-to-man coverage, as well as understand its principles, you can’t really execute other defensive schemes efficiently,” says Rivers. “If you want to play at the next level, you’re going to have to learn how to play man-to-man.”
Rivers also notes that man-to-man coverage is a great strategy to implement when you are evenly matched with an opponent in terms of size, speed or skill set.
Also called “person-to-person” defense, this strategy can be executed in a couple different ways. First, defenders can play a tight man-to-man, aggressively guarding their opponent with little-to-no space between them. Next, a loose man-to-man defense allows for some distance between a defender and the ball, rather than a close-range guarding.
Loose man-to-man (or “sagging” man-to-man) defenses often work well against weaker outside shooters and players who are known to aggressively drive toward the basket, according to Rivers. The separation between a defender and the ball allows your defense to make better stops against penetration, but it can leave your team exposed if your opponent starts hitting those outside shots.
A final piece of the man-to-man defense is the art of switching. This move is a direct response to an offense’s attempt to screen a defender with hopes of shedding the pressure for an easier shot or layup. Switching in man-to-man is done when players swap their assigned offensive opponent instead of trying to follow them and stay with them through a screen. This switch leaves less chance that the offense will be left undefended long enough for a driving move or pull-up shot.
“You can also hedge screens,” says Rivers, “where, for instance, your big man will come up and occupy the screen and give you enough time to get through it and have them get back on their man.
In reality, the way you guard the screen is really up to the coaches.”
ZONE DEFENSE
Where man-to-man defense has you assigned to a specific player, zone defensive strategy has you guarding a specific area instead. Zone defenses can be effective against poor outside shooters, as well as players who are adept at driving to the basket. Ubar 4 0 5 – the dock replacement rollers. The basic procedure in zone defense is to have defenders pick up opponents when they enter their designated area. Once they leave or motion to another portion of the court, the defenders hang back and guard their spot rather than following a player as you would in man-to-man.
Zone defenses are broken down by their alignments, which are normally labeled by numbers. Some common zone layouts include:
2-3 ZONE
This is the most common zone layout. Two players stand high at the free throw line, while the remaining three defenders guard the baseline. This zone defense is great for defending baseline and corner attacks, as well as securing rebounds.
This is the most common zone layout. Two players stand high at the free throw line, while the remaining three defenders guard the baseline. This zone defense is great for defending baseline and corner attacks, as well as securing rebounds.
3-2 ZONE
This alignment places three defenders in line at the free throw line and allows for more pressure from the wings, making for a more difficult long-range shot.
This alignment places three defenders in line at the free throw line and allows for more pressure from the wings, making for a more difficult long-range shot.
1-3-1 ZONE
The 1-3-1 layout consists of one player above the free throw line, three players staggered across the paint and one player guarding the baseline underneath the hoop. This is a good defense for guarding head-on attacks at the top of the circle and for forcing offenses into corners for potential traps and turnovers.
The 1-3-1 layout consists of one player above the free throw line, three players staggered across the paint and one player guarding the baseline underneath the hoop. This is a good defense for guarding head-on attacks at the top of the circle and for forcing offenses into corners for potential traps and turnovers.
2-1-2 ZONE
Two players guard the free throw line, while one player is placed in the lane and the final two defenders are placed at the baseline. This layout is a good defense against baseline attacks and offenses working into the paint.
Two players guard the free throw line, while one player is placed in the lane and the final two defenders are placed at the baseline. This layout is a good defense against baseline attacks and offenses working into the paint.
1-2-2 ZONE
Also called the “jug” defense, one player guards above the foul line while two players guard the wings. The final two defenders are responsible for the baseline.
Also called the “jug” defense, one player guards above the foul line while two players guard the wings. The final two defenders are responsible for the baseline.
MATCH-UP ZONE
Networker network info app 4 6 2. This zone defense scheme is essentially a reaction to the offense’s attack. Also known as “amoeba defense,” match-up zone is usually run out of either a 2-3 or 1-3-1 starting alignment and then adjusts to the offense’s layout. This strategy is great for giving offenses a true match and for forcing corner traps and turnovers. Be cautious, however, as match-up can be beaten by offenses prone to cutting routes and schemes.
Networker network info app 4 6 2. This zone defense scheme is essentially a reaction to the offense’s attack. Also known as “amoeba defense,” match-up zone is usually run out of either a 2-3 or 1-3-1 starting alignment and then adjusts to the offense’s layout. This strategy is great for giving offenses a true match and for forcing corner traps and turnovers. Be cautious, however, as match-up can be beaten by offenses prone to cutting routes and schemes.
COMBINATION DEFENSE
There are a few alignments that combine man-to-man and zone defense strategies to form hybrid schemes. These combination defenses, according to Rivers, can be “used when you are at the point in the game where you want to change momentum, start forcing turnovers, etc. You use these defenses when you have defenders that understand man-to-man principles very well and are quick enough to get back if and when something breaks down in coverage.”
Because of their combined tactics, however, many coaches don’t choose combination defenses as their go-to scheme.
A few common combination defenses include:
BOX & ONE
Kplayer 1 5 4. One of the most common combination defenses, this setup leaves one individual to guard one specific player, usually the star opponent or player with the hot hand, while the rest of the defense forms a box shape in the paint.
Kplayer 1 5 4. One of the most common combination defenses, this setup leaves one individual to guard one specific player, usually the star opponent or player with the hot hand, while the rest of the defense forms a box shape in the paint.
DIAMOND & ONE
This layout is similar to box & one, but instead of a box with two players at the free throw line and two on the base line, the shape rotates to form a diamond with one defender at the foul line and baseline, respectively.
This layout is similar to box & one, but instead of a box with two players at the free throw line and two on the base line, the shape rotates to form a diamond with one defender at the foul line and baseline, respectively.
TRIANGLE & TWO
When an opposing team has two star players who can easily take over an offensive attack, a triangle & two defense can be a good response. In this scheme, two players are left to match up man-to-man, while the remaining three defenders protect against penetration by forming a triangle in the paint.
When an opposing team has two star players who can easily take over an offensive attack, a triangle & two defense can be a good response. In this scheme, two players are left to match up man-to-man, while the remaining three defenders protect against penetration by forming a triangle in the paint.
DEFENSIVE TWEAKS TO CONSIDER
Now that you know the basic strategies and setups of the common defensive layouts, you should start to consider the simple tweaks you can make to give your team a better chance of shutting down the opposing team. You can choose to implement full-court pressure, meaning that you aggressively guard your opponent from baseline to baseline. Full-court pressure is most effective in a man-to-man defense. Also in man-to-man, you can choose to isolate an opponent even further by assigning a second defender to guard him or her, or “double-teaming.” Be wary, though, as having two defenders on one opponent can potentially leave an open shooter.
Above all, remember that your defensive decisions aren’t set in stone. Feel free to change your alignments and plans as the game progresses, because your opponents are going to try and thwart your plans by adapting as well. Be smart, remember these tips and lock down your half of the hardwood.
The HAZMAT Class 2 in United States law includes all gases which are compressed and stored for transportation. Class 2 has three divisions: Flammable (also called combustible), Non-Flammable/Non-Poisonous, and Poisonous. This classification is based on the United Nations' Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations. In Canada, the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, or TDGR, are also based on the UN Model Regulations and contain the same three divisions.
Dpf Zone 2
Divisions[edit]
A propane tank car after a fire, the HAZMAT 1075 symbol can be seen in red as a warning of the danger posed by the gas.
A gas is a substance which
- (a) at 50 °C (122 °F) has a vapor pressure greater than 300 kPa (43.51 PSI) or
- (b) is completely gaseous at 20 °C (68 °F) at a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.69 PSI).
Gases are assigned to one of three divisions
- division 2.1 Flammable gas
- division 2.2 Non flammable, Non-toxic gas
- division 2.3 Toxic gas
Aerosols also fall into Class 2 divisions where an aerosol is defined as an article consisting of any non-refillable receptacle containing a gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure, the sole purpose of which is to expel a nonpoisonous (other than a Division 6.1 Packing Group III material) liquid, paste, or powder and fitted with a self-closing release device allowing the contents to be ejected by the gas.
Loading a container (with the Hazmat Class 2 symbol on the rear doors) aboard a ship.
Division 2.1: Flammable, Non-Toxic Gas
Flammable gas means any material that:
- Is ignitable at 101.3 kPA (14.7 psia) when in a mixture of 13 percent or less by volume with air; or
- Has a flammable range at 101.3 kPa with air of at least 12 percent regardless of the lower limit.
- Is determined to be flammable in accordance with ASTM E681-85, Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals
The following applies to aerosols:
- An aerosol must be assigned to Division 2.1 if the contents include 85% by mass or more flammable components and the chemical heat of combustion is 30 kJ/g or more;
- An aerosol must be assigned to Division 2.1 if it is deemed flammable in accordance with the appropriate tests of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria for flammability.
Division 2.2: Non-Flammable, Non-Toxic Gas
This division includes compressed gas, liquefied gas, pressurized cryogenic gas, compressed gas in solution, asphyxiant gas and oxidizing gas. A non-flammable, nonpoisonous compressed gas (Division 2.2) means any material (or mixture) which:
A non-flammable gas means any material that:
- Exerts in the packaging an absolute pressure of 280 kPa (40.6 psia) or greater at 20 °C (68 °F), and
- Does not meet the definition of Division 2.1 or 2.3.
The following applies to aerosols:
- An aerosol must be assigned to Division 2.2 if the contents contain 1% by mass or less flammable components and the heat of combustion is less than 20 kJ/g.
Division 2.3: Toxic Gas
Gas poisonous by inhalation means a material which is a gas at 20 °C or less and a pressure of 101.3 kPa (a material which has a boiling point of 20 °C or less at 101.3kPa (14.7 psi)) and which:
- Is known to be so toxic to humans as to pose a hazard to health during transportation, or
- In the absence of adequate data on human toxicity, is presumed to be toxic to humans because when tested on laboratory animals it has an LC50 value of not more than 5000 ml/m³. See 49CFR 173.116(a) for assignment of Hazard Zones A, B, C or D. LC50 values for mixtures may be determined using the formula in 49 CFR 173.133(b)(1)(i)
Placards[edit]
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Compatibility table[edit]
Load and Segregation Chart | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Weight | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 3 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 7 | 8 | |||
A | B | A | ||||||||||||||||||||
2.1 | 1,001 lb (454 kg) | O | O | O | O | |||||||||||||||||
2.2 | 1,001 lb (454 kg) | B | O | |||||||||||||||||||
2.2 | 1,001 lb (454 kg) | B | O | |||||||||||||||||||
2.3A | Any Quantity | O | ||||||||||||||||||||
2.3B | Any Quantity | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | |||||||||||||
Key | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The absence of any hazard class or division or a blank space in the table indicates that no restrictions apply.
Source: United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49 CFR §177.848 - Segregation of hazardous materials.[1] |
References[edit]
- ^Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (October 1, 2011). '49 CFR 177.848 - Segregation of hazardous materials'(PDF). Government Publishing Office. p. 853. Archived from the original(PDF) on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
- This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document: 'Subtitle B—Other Regulations Relating to Transportation. US Government Printing Office'.
- United Nations, Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations
- 49 CFR 173.115 (a) (U.S. Code)
- 49 CFR 173.115 (b) (U.S. Code)
- 49 CFR 177.848 (U.S. Code)
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